Wilms Tumor

Supporting every child's journey with personalized treatment and better outcomes.

Overview

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma) is the most common kidney cancer in children, usually affecting those under five years of age. It develops when immature kidney cells grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor. Early diagnosis and advances in pediatric oncology have significantly improved treatment outcomes, with many children achieving complete recovery.

Signs & Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of Wilms Tumor include:

Painless swelling or lump in the abdomen
Abdominal pain or discomfort
Blood in the urine (Hematuria)
Fever without infection
Loss of appetite
Unexplained weight loss
High blood pressure
Fatigue or weakness
Nausea or vomiting

Causes

The exact cause of Wilms Tumor is unknown. It is believed to result from genetic changes that occur during fetal kidney development. Most cases develop spontaneously, while a small number are associated with inherited genetic syndromes or family history.

Risk Factors

Several factors may increase the risk of developing Wilms Tumor:

Age between 2 and 5 years
Family history of Wilms Tumor
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
WAGR Syndrome
Denys-Drash Syndrome
Certain congenital kidney or urinary tract abnormalities

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination and imaging studies.

Common diagnostic tests include:

Physical examination
Blood and urine tests
Abdominal Ultrasound
CT Scan
MRI Scan
Chest X-ray or CT Scan
Biopsy (when required)
Genetic testing in selected cases

Treatment

Treatment depends on the stage and type of Wilms Tumor and is provided by a multidisciplinary pediatric oncology team.

Treatment options may include:

Surgical removal of the affected kidney (Nephrectomy)
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy (for selected cases)
Precision medicine and molecular testing
Long-term follow-up and survivorship care

Prognosis

Wilms Tumor has one of the highest cure rates among childhood cancers. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the overall survival rate exceeds 90% for many children. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor recovery, kidney function, growth, and long-term health.

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